PUBIC LICE AND SCABIES
阴虱和疥疮

“Crabs are the most common sexually transmitted infection. There aren’t reliable figures from clinics about how many people are treated for crabs because most people treat themselves at home.”

“阴虱是最常见的性传播感染。 没有可靠的门诊数字显示, 大约有多少人患有阴虱得到了治疗，因为大多数人在家里给自己治疗。“

New Zealand AIDS Foundation

新西兰艾滋病基金会

 

 

 

WHAT IS PUBIC LICE?

什么是阴虱？

 

Pubic lice (Crabs) are a common sexually transmitted infection caused by tiny parasites. The lice use their claws to grab and hang on to pubic hairs while feeding on blood and can cause itching in the genital area.

阴虱（蟹）是一种常见的性传播感染疾病，是微小寄生虫引起的感染。虱子使用他们的爪子抓住和挂在阴毛上，吸食血液，可导致生殖器部位发痒。

 

 

 

HOW DO I KNOW IF I HAVE PUBIC LICE?

我如何知道我是否有阴虱？

 

Signs and symptoms include:

体征和症状包括：

• Itching in the pubic or groin area due to irritation from the lice bites.

• 在耻骨或腹股沟区，有被虱子叮咬的刺激性发痒

• Seeing lice moving in the pubic hair.

• 看见虱子在阴毛移动。

 

 

 

 

HOW IS IT CAUGHT?

是怎样感染上这种疾病的？

 

Pubic lice may be passed on:

阴虱的传染途径：

 

 

• Having close bodily contact (skin-to-skin contact) with another person who is infected with pubic lice.

• 与阴虱感染者有过密切的身体接触（皮肤对皮肤接触）。

• By sharing clothes or someone else’s bed (pubic lice can survive for some time away from the body).

• 通过共穿别人的衣服或使用其他人的床（阴虱可在体外存活一段时间）。

 

Pubic lice found in the pubic hair differ from those in the scalp, although pubic lice can occasionally be found in other areas of the body including eyelashes, chest hair and armpit hair.

阴虱发现在阴毛，不同与头虱。但阴虱也偶尔会在，包括睫毛，胸毛和腋毛身体其他部位发现。

 

CAN PUBIC LICE BE TREATED?

阴虱可以治疗吗？

 

Diagnosis and Treatment

诊断和治疗

 

Diagnosis is made by visual assessment (both eggs and adult lice are easily visible to the naked eye).

诊断是由视觉来评估的（阴虱卵和成人虱子两者是肉眼很容易看到的）。

 

 

There are several over-the-counter shampoos on the market for crabs. These should be use as directed; reapplication may or may not be necessary. After treatment, egg casings (nits) may remain visible on the hair shaft. To remove these, a fine-toothed comb dipped in vinegar can be used. Shaving off the pubic hair is not necessary.

市场上有几种不同的虱子洗发水。按照说明使用，可能或没有必要重复使用。治疗后，可能会见到干瘪的虱卵残留在毛发上。可用一细密梳子，蘸一点醋， 梳掉干瘪的虱卵。剃掉阴毛不是必要的。

 

Bedding and clothing currently being worn should be machine washed in hot water or removed from body contact for 72 hours.

床上用品和现在穿的衣服，应该用洗衣机和热水洗涤。脱掉已穿过的衣物，在

72 小时内不与身体接触。

 

 

 

WHAT ABOUT MY PARTNER?

我的性伴侣要怎么做？

 

Current sexual partners should be treated and offered a sexual health screen. People who share a house or flat with someone who is infected need only be treated if they have slept in the bed or use the towels or clothing of the person who is infected.

目前的性伴侣，应予以处理和提供性健康的保护。如果与受感染的人共同使用一个房子或同睡一张床或共用毛巾、衣服，都需要治疗处理

 

HOW CAN I PROTECT MYSELF AND MY CLIENT FROM PUBIC LICE?

如何保护自己和我的客户不传染上阴虱？

 

Preventative measures are limited to stopping the spread of the infection or preventing re-infection. To avoid catching pubic lice again:

以阻止感染或防止再感染，预防措施是有限的。为了避免再次染上阴虱：

• Make sure sexual partners are treated as well.

• 确保性伴侣得到了良好的治疗。

• Wash articles that may be infected, such as sheets, towels and clothing, in hot water.

• 用热水清洗可能被污染的物品，如床单，毛巾和衣服，。

 

 

 

WHAT IS SCABIES?

什么是疥疮？

 

Scabies is a highly contagious infection caused by microscopic mites that burrow into the skin, lay eggs and causes an itchy rash. The condition is not considered serious, but can be very uncomfortable particularly at night, when itchiness can be extreme. Excessive scratching can cause breaks in the skin and lead to skin infection.

疥疮是一种传染性很高的微小螨虫引起的感染，其钻入皮肤，产卵并导致发痒的皮疹。情况不认为是严重的，但可以是非常的不舒服，特别是在晚上。当极其瘙痒时，过度的抓刮，可导致皮肤的破损，而引起皮肤感染。

 

 

HOW DO I KNOW IF I HAVE SCABIES?

我如何知道是否感染上疥疮？

 

Signs and symptoms include:

 

体征和症状包括：

• Itch

• 痒

The itching appears a few days after infestation. It may occur within a few hours if the mite is caught a second time. The itch is characteristically more severe at night and affects the trunk and limbs. It does not usually affect the scalp.

瘙痒出现在被感染后的数天。如果是第二次被染上螨虫它可能发生在几个小时内，。典型的搔痒，晚上更严重，影响到躯干及四肢。通常不影响头皮。

 

• Burrows

Scabies burrows appear as tiny, grey, irregular tracks between the fingers and on the wrists. They may also be found in armpits, buttocks, on the penis, insteps and backs of the heels.

• 洞穴

疥疮在手指之间和手腕上呈现不规则的小轨道洞穴，灰色。它们也可以发现在腋窝、臀部、阴茎、脚背及脚后跟。

• Generalised rash

• 普通皮疹

Scabies rash appears as tiny red, intensely itchy, bumps on the limbs and trunk. It can easily be confused with dermatitis or hives (and may be accompanied by these). The rash of scabies is due to an allergy to the mites and their products and may take several weeks to develop after initial infestation.

疥疮皮疹表现为红色小点，强烈的搔痒，红疹发生在四肢和躯干。它很容易与皮炎或荨麻疹混淆（可能是伴随症相同）。疥疮的皮疹是由于对螨的代谢产物过敏所致，最初的感染将可能有几个星期的发展。

• Nodules

• 小结

 

Itchy lumps or nodules in the armpits and groins or along the shaft of the penis are very suggestive of scabies. Nodules may persist for several weeks or longer after successful eradication of living mites. 发痒肿块或节结在腋窝、腹股沟或阴茎等部位，提示很有疥疮的可能性。在成功地消除活螨后，结节可能会持续数周或更长的时间，。

 

 

HOW IS IT CAUGHT?

是怎样感染了这种疾病的呢？

 

Scabies may be passed on:

疥疮的传染途径：

• Having close bodily contact (skin-to-skin contact) with another person who is infected with scabies.

• 与患有疥疮感染者有过密切的身体接触（皮肤对皮肤接触）

• Via bedding or furnishings, as the mite can survive for a few days away from the body (human host).

• 通过床上用品或家具。因为螨虫在离开人的身体（人类宿主）尚可存活几天。

 

 

 

CAN SCABIES BE TREATED?

疥疮能治疗吗？

 

Diagnosis and Treatment

诊断和治疗

 

 

Diagnosis can be confirmed by microscopic examination of the contents of a burrow.

Treatment involves:

可以通过在显微镜下检查洞穴内的容物来诊断。治疗包括：

 

• Purchasing a treatment cream/ointment (scabicide) from your chemist, or on prescription from your doctor

• 从药房或医生处方购买治疗霜/膏（scabicide ）（灭疥膏）

• The treatment stays on the skin for 24 hours and will probably need to be repeated within a week

• 药物会停留在皮肤内 24 小时，在一个星期内将可能需要重复使用。

• Remember to reapply treatment cream every time you wash your hands during this 24 hour period

• 请记住在 24 小时内重复使用霜剂时，每次都要洗你的手。

• Treat the entire body from feet to jaw, paying particular attention under nails and between toes and fingers

• 从脚到下巴的整个身体的治疗，同时特别注意指甲下面和脚趾与手指之间的部位。

• Mites can live outside the skin for up to 6 days, so good hygiene and cleansing is important to prevent re-infection with the mite

• 疥虫可以在皮肤外生活长达 6 天，因此，良好的卫生和清洁很重要，以防止再次疥疮感染。

• Secondary skin infections may need treatment with antibiotics

• 继发的皮肤感染，可能需要用抗生素治疗

• If the itching does not go away, repeat the treatment – it may take up to a month to fully clear the scabies infection - though often one treatment will be effective

• 如果瘙痒没有消失，需要重复治疗-至少可能需要一个月的时间来完全清除疥疮感染-尽管通常一次治疗是有效的

• If the treatment does not seem to be effective, then visit a doctor

• 如果处理似乎并没有效，再去看医生

 

Each treatment with scabicide should be followed the next morning by laundering or dry cleaning of sheets and pillow cases and any clothes worn against the skin over the last week. Clean carpet and furnishings with a vacuum cleaner.

 

每次用 scabicide 疥疮膏治疗，应在第二天早晨清洗或干洗，过去一周内与皮肤有任何接触的床单、枕头套和衣服。用吸尘器清洁地毯和家具。

 

WHAT ABOUT MY PARTNER?

我的性伙伴要怎么做？

 

Sexual partners need to be treated and people who share a house or flat with someone who is infected need to be treated, even if they are not feeling itchy. 性伴侣需要处理，无论谁与有感染的人共用一个房子或单元的人都需要处理， 即使他们没有感觉到瘙痒。

 

 

 

HOW CAN I PROTECT MYSELF AND MY CLIENT FROM SCABIES?

如何保护我自己和客户不传染上疥疮？

 

Preventative measures are limited to stopping the spread of the infection or preventing re-infection. To avoid catching scabies again:

以阻止感染或防止再传播感染的预防措施是有限的。为了避免再次感染疥疮：

• Ensure the scabicide is applied to the whole body from the chin down

• 确保 scabicide 灭疥膏的使用，应从下巴到全身

• Make sure all contacts are treated as well.

• 确保所有的接触物都得到良好的处理。

• Wash articles that may be infected, such as sheets, towels and clothing, in hot water.

• 被污染的物品如床单、毛巾和衣服尽可能用热水清洗。

 

 

 

COMMONLY ASKED QUESTIONS

常见问题。

 

 

Can I work with pubic lice or scabies?

 

Pubic Lice and Scabies are highly contagious through skin contact and can also be spread through the sharing of bed coverings, towels and clothes. You

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

我感染了阴虱或疥疮可以 工作吗

 

should stop working immediately, seek treatment and only resume work once you are clear of the infection. Most sex workers have abandoned pubic hair and as such have reduced the risk of acquiring pubic lice.

阴虱和疥疮的传染性很强，通过皮肤的接触，也可以通过共用床单、被褥、毛巾和衣服传播。你应该立即停止工作，寻求治疗。一旦你的感染清除后，可恢复工作。

 

 

 

Do I need to tell my boss?

 

Your boss only needs to know that you are sick and need time off from work. If you need a doctor's note instruct the doctor to not include the diagnosis and to specify the number of days you need off from work.

 

 

 

我需要告诉我的老板吗？

 

你的老板只需要知道你有病，需要停止工作。如果你需要医生的证明，让医生不泄露诊断，但你要按指定的天数停止工作

 

 

 

Do I have to stop working?

 

It is recommended that you stay home and not return to work until you are clear of the infection.

 

我要停止工作吗？   建议你休假在家，直到你完全清除了感染

 

 

 

Should I tell my clients?

 

我应该告诉我的客户吗？

 

Your regular clients may be infected with pubic lice. It may be important to let them know as they could be re- infecting you.

你的常规客户可能感染了阴虱。重要的是让他们知道， 你可能会被重新感染

 

 

 

Should I tell other people I work with?

我应该告诉我的同事吗？

 

It may be important to let your fellow work mates know as you will have clients in common

 

 

MORE INFORMATION?

更多的信息

 

Contact NZPC, your local Sexual Health Clinic or Family Planning Association.

与新西兰妓女组织，你所在地的性健康门诊或计划生育委员会联系