HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV)
人类免疫缺陷病毒（艾滋）

“184 people were diagnosed with HIV through antibody testing in New Zealand during 2008: the highest number ever diagnosed in one year. 91 were men infected through sex with other men (MSM), 61 (39 men and 22 women) through heterosexual contact, 2 through injecting drug use, 2 through a transfusion (overseas), 4 were children infected through mother-to-child transmission (3 overseas and 1 in New Zealand), 3 people had another means of infection, and for 21 people the means of infection was unknown or unreported.”

AIDS New Zealand newsletter, Issue 63, March 2009

“在 2008 年，新西兰有 184 人通过抗体试验被确诊感染艾滋病毒：是有史以来

一年内最多的诊断。 91 名是男性，通过与其他男性（男性与男性的接触

者），61 名（39 男 22 女是通过异性的性接触感染），2 个通过注射毒品，2 个通过输血，（海外），4 个儿童是通过母亲传染的，（3 个儿童在海外和 1 个在新西兰受感染），3 人是另一种传染方式，另 21 人的感染原因不明或没有报道。

新西兰艾滋病简讯 63 期，2009 年 3 月

 

 

 

WHAT IS HIV?

什么是艾滋病毒？

 

HIV is a virus that attacks vital cells of the body’s immune system. Normally, your immune system helps you fight off certain infections and cancers. If your immune system begins to fail, you can become vulnerable to life-threatening opportunistic infections. When a person has HIV and one or more of these infections or cancers, they are said to have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

 

艾滋病毒是一种病毒，其攻击人体免疫系统的重要细胞。通常情况下，你的免疫系统可以帮助你对抗一些感染和癌症。如果你的免疫系统开始下降，你可以很容易的受到威胁生命性的感染。当一个人有艾滋病毒和一种或多种感染，或癌症时，他们有获得性免疫缺陷综合症（艾滋病）。

 

HOW DO I KNOW IF I HAVE HIV?

我如何知道我是否有艾滋病毒？

 

The only way to find out if a person has HIV is through a blood test. It may take up to three to four months following exposure to HIV before a test becomes positive.

唯一的办法是通过血液检查来证实一个人是否患有艾滋病毒。在艾滋病毒转为阳性之前，将可能需要 3 至 4 个月的跟踪检测。

 

 

HOW IS IT CAUGHT?

是怎样感染了这种疾病的？

 

HIV can be passed on:

艾滋病的传染途径

 

 

• By having unprotected sex (sex without a condom) with someone who has HIV. The virus can be in an infected person’s blood, semen or vaginal secretions and can enter your body through tiny cuts or sores in your skin or in the lining of your vagina, penis, rectum, or mouth.

• 通过和有艾滋病毒的人不安全的性行为（没有使用安全套）。该病毒存在于感染者的血液、精液或阴道分泌物中，可经你的皮肤或阴道、阴茎、直肠、口腔粘膜的微小伤口或溃疡，进入你的身体。

• By sharing a needle and syringe or sharing drug equipment with someone who has HIV.

• 通过与 HIV 感染者共用针头和注射器或共用吸毒设备。

 

Because of advances in drug therapy there is now – U=U, which stands for Undetectable =

Untransmittable, and means if Antiretroviral therapy is taken people by people living with HIV,

and maintain an undetectable viral load for at least six months, they cannot transmit HIV.

Mother’s cannot transmit HIV to their unborn child, partners cannot transmit through sex. For

more information see: https://www.nzaf.org.nz/awareness-and-

prevention/prevention/undetectable-viral-load-u-u/

 

因为药物的进一步研发，现在U=U药物治疗方案已经问世。采取治疗后，不会有检测显示，不会传染，抗逆转录病毒的治疗可以让艾滋病携带者至少在6个月内，不会有检测显示，不会传染艾滋病毒。这就意味着：母亲不会传染给自己未出生的孩子，性伙伴不会彼此传染，如需要进一步了解，请参照: https://www.nzaf.org.nz/awareness-and-prevention/prevention/undetectable-viral-load-u-u/

 

People who are HIV positive may remain healthy for many years If they

take antiretroviral drug therapy they cannot transmit HIV.

艾滋病毒呈阳性者，可能保持多年的健康，只要他们服用抗菌药物，他们不再会把病毒传染给其他人。

 

In New Zealand, If you are concerned that you may have been exposed to HIV you can take Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP).

For more information see: https://www.nzaf.org.nz/awareness-and-

prevention/prevention/pre-exposure-prophylaxis-prep/

 

在新西兰，用于输血的血液是经过艾滋病病毒和其他血液传染疾病的筛查， 因此输血不是传播途径。如果你想自己是否有感染，你可以进行PrEP检测.

更多的信息，请查询: https://www.nzaf.org.nz/awareness-and-

prevention/prevention/pre-exposure-prophylaxis-prep/

 

 

CAN HIV BE TREATED?

艾滋病毒可以治疗吗？

HIV can be managed through drug therapy.

艾滋病可以通过药物治疗。

 

Diagnosis and Treatment

诊断和治疗

 

Diagnosis is made by a blood test that shows if a person has antibodies to HIV. Results can take up to 8 days. The NZAF has a new, rapid test for HIV called FASTEST (Free, Anonymous, Simple Test). This involves a finger-prick blood test by a nurse or doctor during a one hour appointment. This new test gives a result within 20 minutes.

诊断是由血液测试显示，感染者是否有艾滋病毒的抗体。结果可能需要长达 8 天。新西兰艾滋病基金会（NZAF）有一个新的、最快的检测艾滋病毒的方 法，称为快速测试法（免费，不记名，简单测试）。该方法是在一个小时的预

约中，护士或医生用针刺破手指，采取血液做测试。这种新的测试在 20 分钟内出结果。

 

It can take up to three months after HIV has entered the body before antibodies will show up in a test. This is called the window period. During the window period, the HIV test may not be able to detect infection. If you have a test during the window period you may need a further test.

艾滋病病毒进入人体后需要长达3个月的时间产生抗体，它将在测试中显示出来。这就是所谓的窗口期。在窗口期，艾滋病毒测试可能无法检测到感染。如果你在窗口期做的测试，可能需要进一步检验测试。

 

Although HIV is a serious infection and there is no cure for this virus many people with HIV and AIDS are living longer, healthier lives today, thanks to new and effective treatments. A doctor can prescribe a combination regimen of antiretroviral medications.

尽管艾滋病毒是一种严重的感染，对这种病毒也没有治疗，许多艾滋病毒携带和艾滋病人的寿命都比较长，健康生活的今天，感谢新的和有效的治疗。医生可以开一个抗逆转录病毒的组合治疗处方。

 

WHAT ABOUT MY PARTNER?

我的性伴侣要怎么做？

 

 

Your partner should ask for an HIV test if you are HIV positive and have had unprotected sex with your partner. It is important to remember that a person infected with HIV carries the virus for life and can infect others if safer sex is not practiced

 

如果你是艾滋病毒阳性，已与你的性伴侣有不安全的性行为，你的性伴侣应接受艾滋病病毒的抗体检测。重要的是要记住，感染艾滋病毒的人终身携病毒， 如果没有实施安全的性活动，病毒能传染给其他人。

 

 

HOW CAN I PROTECT MYSELF AND MY CLIENT FROM HIV?

如何保护我自己和的客户不传染上艾滋病毒？

 

Prevention is by use of:

预防措施

• Dental dams to create a barrier between the mouth and vagina during sex.

• 口腔保护膜建立一个口腔和阴道之间的性交障碍。

• Always use condoms during vaginal, anal or oral sex.

• 始终在阴道，肛门或口腔性交时使用避孕套。

 

 

 

COMMONLY ASKED QUESTIONS

常 见 问 题

 

 

Can I work with HIV?

我有艾滋病毒能工作吗？

 

You can work but you need to protect yourself from other sexually transmitted diseases so continue to use condoms.

 

你可以和艾滋病患者工作。你应该在性活动时使用的保护措施，使用安全套，确保自己免受其他性病的感染。

 

 

 

Do I need to tell my boss?

 

 

我需要告诉我的老板吗？

 

Your boss only needs to know that you are sick and need time off from work. If you need a doctor's note instruct the doctor to not include the diagnosis and to specify the number of days you need off from work.

你的老板只需要知道你有病，需要停止工作。如果你需要医生的证明，让医生不泄露诊断，但你要按指定的天数停止工作。

 

 

 

Do I have to stop working?

 

我必须停止工作吗？

 

HIV never goes away and you can potentially infect others if you have unprotected sex. So long as you use protection during sex:

艾滋病毒不会消失，如果你没有保护措施的性行为，你能潜在的传染他人。只要你在性交时使用保护措施：

• You do not have to disclose your HIV status.

 

·你没有必要透露你的艾滋病毒状况。

• No law can prevent you from working in the sex industry.

·没有法律可以阻止你在色情行业的工作。

 

 

 

Should I tell my clients?

 

 

我需要告诉我的客人吗？

 

Since you will always use protection when having sex you shouldn't need to tell the client your current sexual health status. However, if a condom breaks during sex you should advise the client to get a sexual health check-up.

由于你将始终使用保护性性交，你不需要告诉客户你目前的性健康状况。但是，如果在性交时避孕套破裂你应该告诉客户进行性健康检查。

 

 

 

Should I tell other people I work with?

 

 

我应该告诉我的同时吗？

 

You should keep some things in your life private and an STI should be one of them. Some people are relaxed about disclosing that they have an STI to workmates. However, this information can be spread around and move beyond your control.

你应该保留私人生活中的一些东西，性传播疾病（STI）应是其中之一。有些人对此并不严格，而把性传播疾病透露给他们的工友们。然而，这一信息可以传播到并超越出你的控制。

 

 

 

 

MORE INFORMATION?

更多的信息

 

Contact NZPC, your local Sexual Health Clinic or Family Planning Association.

与新西兰妓女组织，你所在地的性健康门诊或计划生育委员会联系